Here D promises to pay C in return for C promising to do, or doing, something which C is already obliged by contract to do for D.
This is the most problematic of the three existing duty situations. The problem may arise in one of two ways:
(i) a promise to pay more for performance of the same duty
(ii) a promise to accept less than amount due (and forgo or waive the right to full payment)
It is helpful to examine each of these separately.
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